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LED Lighting for Poultry Housing

2022-03-07

By Agricultural Engineer, The Canada Plan Service. Light levels (intensity or illuminance) and the duration of light (photo period) are important factors in poultry production. Intensity has an effect on cannibalism and aggression, along with feed and water intake, while photo period influences reproductive and egg production cycles, total feed intake, and growth rate.

 
Light intensity at the working plane (bird level, egg collection table, work-bench level, etc.,) is measured in lux or foot-candles (10 lux equals about one foot-candle). 

Typical light levels found in broiler and layer operations are about 10 to 20 lux (1 to 2 foot-candles), while a bright sunny day in mid-summer is about 80,000 lux (8,000 foot-candles). Typical light levels on the surface of an office desk might be 400 to 500 lux (40 to 50 foot-candles). 

Variation of the photo period is used to stimulate egg production in pullet flocks for both breeding and commercial layers. In broilers (chickens and turkeys), several different lighting programs are being studied to help improve skeletal development through feed intake. 

All lighting programs that use more hours of darkness than the hours of darkness during natural day length require light traps on fans and air inlets. 

The following tables provide some of the most common lighting programs for different types of poultry operations.

 

Table 1Lighting Programs for Commercial Layer

Lighting option
Flock Age
Light Intensity Lux(Foot-candles)
Photo Period(hours of light per day)
Option 1

Hen

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(4days-19th week)

Laying(20-72 week)

 

20(2)

5(0.5)

10-30(1-3)

 

23

9to11

Add 0.5hour per week until 16-17hours

Option 2

Hen

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(4 days-2nd week)

  2-3nd week

  3-4th week

  4-5th week

  5-6th week

  6-7th week

  8-9th week

  9-20th week

Laying (20-72 week)

 

20(2)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

10-30(1-3)

 

23

23

21

19

17

15

13

11

11

Add 0.5hour per week until 16-17hours

Table 2 Lighting Programs for Breeders (broiler and commercial layers

Lighting option
Flock Age 
Light Intensity Lux(Foot-candles)Photo Period(hours of light per day)
Option 1

Hen

Brooding(1-4 days)

Growing(4 days-3rd week)

  (3-19th week)

Laying(20-60week)

 

20(2)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

50-60(5-6)

 

23

15

11

Add 0.5hour per week until 16-17hours

Table 3 Lighting Programs for Broilers/Roasters

Lighting optionFlock AgeLight Intensity Lux(Foot-candles)Photo Period(hours of light per day)
Option 1

Brooding(1-2 days)

Growing(2 days-market)

20(2)

5(0.5)

23

23

Option 2

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(3-10days)

(10-15days)

(15-21days)

(21-35days)

(35-42days)

20(2)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

 

23

8

12

16

18

23

Option 3

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(3 days-market)

20(2)

5(0.5)

23

23

Option 4

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(3-10days)

(10-15days)

(15-21days)

(21-28days)

(28-42days)

20(2)

20(2)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

5(0.5)

23

18

8

12

16

18

Table 4 Lighting Programs for Turkeys

Lighting optionFlock AgeLight Intensity Lux(Foot-candles)Photo Period(hours of light per day)
Option 1

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(3 days-market)

50(5)

5-10(0.5-1)

23

23

Option 2

Brooding(1-3 days)

Growing(3 days-8th week)

(8-12th week)

50(5)

5-10(0.5-1)

5-10(0.5-1)

23

2.5L:3D

2.5L:3D

Table 5 Lighting Programs for other Functions

Other function
Light Intensity Lux(Foot-candles)
Feed Save/Working
100-200(10-20)
Clean
50(5)
Office(desk)
400-500(40-50)

LED Lighting for Poultry Housing